نشریه گردشگری شهری
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

Today's world is based on competition, which includes the tourism industry and various destinations. Therefore, nowadays, tourism destinations are strongly seeking to gain a competitive advantage and are based on creativity and obtaining maximum benefit from their potential. The present study was compiled to identify and analyze the factors affecting the development of cultural tourism in Shiraz and emphasizes literary attractions, which are a subset of cultural tourism. The research method is descriptive and applied. The statistical population of the research includes tourism and urban experts. After necessary analysis, the sample size was determined to be 138 people. The data collection method is a questionnaire tool, and to check the descriptive statistics and the existing situation, SPSS software was used. Smart-PLS software was used to analyze the collected data and discover the impact of each cultural tourism component. According to the findings of structural equation modeling analysis in determining the contribution and prioritization of cultural tourism development components in order to achieve a suitable model, it showed that administrative-institutional components with a standard coefficient of 0.838, accessibility and infrastructure with a standard coefficient of 0.786, physical-environmental factor with a standard factor of 0.341, facilities component with a standard factor of 0.180, and finally, the component of resources and cultural-literary attractions with a standard factor of 0.147, respectively, have the first to fifth rank and the highest important in the development of cultural tourism in Shiraz. So, the analysis of the findings shows that the administrative-institutional component is prioritized in cultural tourism development in Shiraz. It is necessary that, in the first place, the relevant authorities review and modify the existing management structures by emphasizing its indicators, which include budget allocation, investment and participation of the private sector, pricing, human resources, and the participation of non-governmental organizations in line with take steps to realize this component

Bicycle tourism is known as one of the branches of tourism that has attracted many fans today. On the other hand, the bicycle as one of the means of urban transportation can provide the possibility of developing cycling tourism as a type of sustainable urban tourism by taking advantage of improved infrastructure and facilities for tourists. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors affecting bicycle tourism in Tehran. For this purpose, the influence of individual and environment factors related to tourism destination, and factors related to transportation were investigated. In the following, the required information was collected using both library and field methods (using the questionnaire tool) from among the statistical population including tourists and cyclist citizens in Tehran and then gathered data was analyzed using Smart PLS-SPSS software. The results show that among the four main factors, individual factors have the highest impact with the highest average, followed by environmental factors, factors related to tourism destinations, and finally factors related to transportation with the lowest average and impact on the decision to bicycle tourism. Additionally, In the group of environmental factors, the natural environment index has a higher average and is more influential than the other two indices including physical infrastructure environment and cultural environment

The issue of the relationship between the perceived value and the loyalty of tourists is an important aspect of the issues in the field of tourism today. Therefore, understanding and knowing about this relationship leads to improving the willingness of tourists to visit a tourist center, especially in today's competitive and complex market. So far, many researches with different communities and statistical samples have investigated the impact of perceived value and loyalty of tourists. Therefore, a research vacuum that examines all these studies simultaneously is felt. The present research has sought to investigate the size of the effect of perceived value on tourists' loyalty by systematically reviewing the research conducted in Iran. First, by reviewing specialized journals, databases and Google, related researches were identified, collected and evaluated, and as a result, out of 552 articles, only 9 studies were found to have the necessary criteria to enter the meta-analysis. The results obtained from data analysis using CMA2 software showed the absence of publication bias. Also, the relationship between perceived value and loyalty of tourists was positive and the effect size was equal to 0.552. In other words, the direction of changes in perceived value variables and tourists' loyalty are aligned

Health tourism has become a big industry in the last decade, and following the increase in health tourism, the decision-making process of consumers and the factors affecting the marketing of health tourism have become very important for researchers.The aim of the present study is to present a comprehensive model of the components affecting health tourism. In this research, an attempt was made to analyze and investigate the factors affecting health tourism marketing in Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this research includes people who have referred to Tehran medical centers for treatment. In order to determine the sample size, due to the lack of statistical population, Cochran's formula was used for the unlimited population and the sample size was estimated at 384 people. The validity of the research tool was calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Lisrel software with descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that the quality of services had a significant impact on health tourism marketing in Tehran. In addition, the findings indicated a positive and significant effect of price on health tourism marketing in Tehran. The findings of the research showed that easy access has a significant and positive effect on the marketing of health tourism in Tehran, and credibility and trust also have a significant and positive effect on the marketing of health tourism in Tehran. Finally, the findings of the research indicated the positive and significant impact of regulations and legal framework on health tourism marketing in Tehran

The critical situation caused by the corona virus has caused many businesses, especially in the field of tourism, ecotourism and nature tourism, to face many problems. On the other hand, ecotourism, has become very popular in recent years. In recent years, ecotourism has been established in small groups and ecotourism accommodation units in different provinces of our country and many job opportunities have been created, but the Corona crisis has hit hard. This field has entered. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of factors such as safety quality, stress and familiarity with procedures on human resource crisis management in nature and ecotourism agencies in East Azerbaijan province. This study is quantitative and applied. Data collection was done through a questionnaire that the opinions of managers of nature and ecotourism agencies were used to test the research hypotheses. In this study, structural equation modeling using partial least squares method has been used to analyze the hypotheses. The results of the software show that there are significant relationships between the research variables. Thus, safety quality and familiarity with crisis management practices have a significant negative impact on human resource crisis. On the other hand, the moderating role of stress in the relationship between safety quality and human resource crisis was confirmed. The results show that when an agency has a high quality of safety and is familiar with crisis management practices, it can better control the human resource crisis in times of crisis. Also, stress management leads to reduce the severity of the human resources crisis of nature and ecotourism agencies through the quality of safety

Tourism as a global activity today has doubled in importance due to the overlap of the three principles of job creation and income generation, tourist satisfaction, and environmental protection. Since different tourist destinations are competitive in attracting tourists, improving and promoting effective indicators in attracting tourists to tourist destinations is of great importance. This study aims to model the factors affecting the image of tourist destinations and their impact on tourist satisfaction in Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical, which has been done by the survey method.  The statistical population of this study is tourists visiting Tehran. In order to determine the number of research samples, due to the unknown number of the statistical population, the required number of samples was 354 questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, a factor analysis statistical test, one-sample T in SPSS software, and structural equations in Amos Graphics software environment were used. The results show that using a factor analysis test to measure the effects of image components of tourist destinations on tourist satisfaction, 6 factors whose specific values were greater than 1 were extracted. These six identified factors were able to 63% of the variance of component image effects. Explain tourism on the satisfaction of tourists. Also, the results of the one-sample t-test to calculate the final score of the level of satisfaction with the image of tourist destinations, with a value of (2.39), were in an undesirable and unacceptable situation. Also, the results of second-order structural equation analysis showed that the overall image of the destination factor has the highest factor load on tourists' satisfaction with 60%. The final results of the structural equation model show that the effect of cognitive image on the overall image is equal to (0.21), the effect of the emotional image on the overall image is equal to (0.18), the effect of the persuasive image on the overall image is equal to (0.30), and the effect of the overall image on the satisfaction of tourists according to the route analysis model is equal to (0.27).

Despite numerous studies and annual reports of international organizations on the sustainability of tourism destinations, this sustainability still needs to be institutionalized in the country's sports tourism industry. In fact, Iranian sports tourism is by no means "sustainable" in terms of revenue and economic benefits, nor in terms of protection of resources and assets. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify and evaluate the obstacles to achieving sustainability in the sports tourism industry, done with a case study of Isfahan province. Two expert groups were selected using a Survey method based on interviews and questionnaires. The first group included 14 university experts, and the second group included 180 experts and senior managers of sports and tourism organizations in Isfahan province. Sampling from both groups was done purposefully. Data analysis was performed using open coding techniques, heuristic factor analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Based on the results, barriers to sustainability in sports tourism destinations in Isfahan province were identified and categorized into 6 key areas with 36 variables. The main axes are Weakness in policy-making and vision; Inefficiency in managing sports tourism destinations; Non-social acceptance; Environmental constraints; Weakness of investment and employment; and Lack of security. The most influential factor was the weakness in policy-making and vision. Accordingly, in order to achieve sustainability, policy-making approaches to the management of tourism destinations in the country should be reviewed. Finally, it was concluded that in the absence of policy-making and regulatory approaches at the national level, it is possible to organize the sports tourism market to some extent by defining a specific perspective at the provincial level in the form of provincial development programs. This is possible by applying some requirements

Today, tourism is more than an industry, as a global and social dynamic phenomenon with its own complexities. A detailed understanding and scientific analysis of this phenomenon can provide a reliable framework for planning the tourism industry. As the biggest social movement with numerous cultural, economic, and spatial consequences, this industry always needs to make its development effective now and in the future. In this regard, planning for tourism development depends on various factors and conditions, which can be achieved under the condition of their systematic and structured application. This issue shows the importance of future research, the necessity of formulating future visions in the tourism development process, and the social drivers among them. For this purpose, the current research attempts to identify and analyze the critical social drivers affecting tourism development in the horizon 2025. In the following article, 17 primary factors were extracted with the Delphi technique, then the cross-effects matrix of the components was formed using the Delphi method of managers. In the next step, matrix analysis was done with Mic Mac software. The results of the dispersion of the variables in the axis of influence and influence of the factors in the Mic Mac software show the system's stability in tourism development. Accordingly, the findings of the research showed that among the drivers identified, the drivers of the development of participation in tourism, strengthening the knowledge of the residents of areas with tourist attractions regarding the tourism potential of the region, developing local native games, the mental image of the tourist destination, strengthening local institutions in order to invest in tourism, making the local community aware of how to deal with tourists. Increasing the culture of tourism acceptance, the connection between the components of the tourism chain, accommodation facilities, and arranging the influence of natives' opinions in the meetings of people and officials in the media were identified as key drivers.